Which disease alters the normal relationship between glucose and insulin?

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the disease that significantly alters the normal relationship between glucose and insulin in the body. In a healthy individual, insulin facilitates the entry of glucose into the cells to be used for energy. However, in individuals with DM, there is a dysfunction in this process: either the body does not produce enough insulin (Type 1 Diabetes), or the cells are resistant to the insulin present (Type 2 Diabetes). This disruption leads to elevated blood glucose levels, which can cause a range of health complications if not managed properly.

Other options, such as hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and asthma, do not directly affect the interplay between glucose and insulin. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is related to the cardiovascular system, while cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. These conditions, while significant in their own right, do not manipulate glucose metabolism and insulin action in the way that Diabetes Mellitus does.