What is bronchospasm?

Bronchospasm refers to the spasm or constriction of the smooth muscle lining the bronchi or bronchioles, leading to narrowing of the airways. This physiological response can cause difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and increased airway resistance, as the constricted airways limit airflow. Such spasms can be triggered by various factors, including allergens, irritants, or certain respiratory conditions like asthma. The other options relate to different respiratory conditions or processes but do not accurately describe bronchospasm. For instance, inflammation of lung tissue primarily involves swelling and irritation but does not specifically address the contraction of airway muscles. Similarly, mucus blockage focuses on obstructions caused by secretions rather than muscle spasms, and abnormal breathing patterns indicate irregularities in respiratory rhythm rather than the specific action of muscle constriction. Therefore, recognizing bronchospasm as the contraction of smooth muscle gives clarity to its role in respiratory distress.