What does tension pneumothorax potentially compress in the chest cavity?

Tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure within the chest cavity. This elevated pressure can compress vital structures within the mediastinum, particularly the heart and large blood vessels such as the aorta and vena cava. As the pressure builds, it can push the heart away from its normal position, impairing its ability to function effectively and compromising blood flow. This condition can rapidly become life-threatening, as it affects the cardiovascular system and overall oxygen delivery to the body. Understanding the impact of tension pneumothorax on the heart and major blood vessels is crucial for prompt recognition and treatment in emergency situations.