What does pulmonary edema refer to?

Pulmonary edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and surrounding lung tissue. This condition can impede proper gas exchange, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and difficulty breathing. When fluid builds up in the lungs, it can occur due to various causes, including heart failure, where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid backup. In the context of the question, the correct answer highlights the specific location of this fluid—around the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Understanding the nature and implications of pulmonary edema is crucial for EMTs, as it directly affects respiratory function and requires prompt medical attention.