What defines a traumatic brain injury?

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is specifically defined as an alteration in brain function resulting from an external force. This means any injury that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain due to physical impact, such as a blow to the head, a fall, or an object penetrating the skull. This definition emphasizes the causal link between the external force and the changes in brain function, which can manifest in various ways, including cognitive, physical, and emotional symptoms.

The other options do not accurately reflect the full definition of TBI. For instance, a condition that causes temporary confusion may describe a milder form of cognitive disruption but does not encapsulate the more severe and varied effects of a traumatic brain injury. Similarly, a psychological disorder caused by trauma does not pertain to brain function directly altered by an external force; these are often more related to mental health issues following traumatic experiences. Lastly, a disease affecting cognitive functions could relate more to neurodegenerative disorders or other medical conditions rather than the acute impact and potential recovery associated with a TBI.