In what situation might one observe "raccoon sign"?

"Raccoon sign" refers to periorbital ecchymosis or bruising around the eyes, which is often indicative of a basilar skull fracture or significant head injury. This sign occurs because blood from the injury can track down to the soft tissue around the eyes due to gravitational effects and the interconnectedness of facial anatomy. It is important for medical professionals to recognize this symptom as it can be critical in assessing the severity of head trauma and determining the need for further evaluation and treatment.

The other options do not relate to the presence of raccoon sign. Pulmonary embolism is associated with respiratory symptoms or chest pain, respiratory distress pertains to issues with breathing mechanics or gas exchange, and cardiac arrest involves the heart's inability to pump effectively but does not typically manifest in the specific manner indicated by raccoon sign.